why was the vietnam war memorial so controversial quizlet

Washington, D.C. Aerial view. Consequently, by the time of the memorials design and construction, veterans had built up a significant amount of moral outrage and found their outlet in the controversy over the memorial. . Did you know? 2023, A&E Television Networks, LLC. In 1981, Maya Lin was completing her studies at Yale University by taking a seminar on funeral architecture. Indirect efforts continued in 1956, when advisers were provided to train the army of the new Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) with the goal of creating a force capable of resisting Communist aggression. His death led to aperiod of political instability that saw the rise and fall of a succession of military governments. Its detractors perceived it as a monument to defeat, one that spoke more directly to a nations guilt than to the honor of the war dead and the veterans, describing it as the black gash of shame, the degrading ditch, and a wailing wall for draft dodgers and New Lefters of the future.4 Responding to its lack of narrative content, Senator James Webb called it nihilistic. Interestingly (given their opposing political positions), both the National Review and the New Republic equated the list of names with a police report on a traffic accident. 118-142. But the memorial might not exist in the form we see today if it weren't for the support of architects who defended the young architect's controversial design. But several weeks after the announcement, a handful of people began to protest the design. Privacy Policy Contact Us Finally, in response to an almost overwhelming antiwar mandate, Nixon announced the effective end to U.S. involvement in Southeast Asia in January 1973. Peter Walker and Michael Arad. There are eight women, all nurses, whose names appear on The Wall. In 1941, a Vietnamese nationalist movement, the Viet Minh, was formed by their leader Ho Chi Minh (18901969) to resist the occupiers. You can also see the architecture, design, and biography of Vietnam Veterans Memorial in the video. And then, after all of the battles and compromises, the design is given to the built environment. answer choices People felt that it should have been more self-expressive on Lin's part. 12 (2006): 95. JSTOR, the JSTOR logo, and ITHAKA are registered trademarks of ITHAKA. As the commentaries of Wolfe, the New Republic, and the National Review demonstrate, the media was happy to add fuel to the fire of the veterans indignation through editorial contributions and obsessive coverage of the debate. At the time of the memorials design, many veterans who had been exposed to Agent Orange, a chemical weapon used by the U.S. military as an herbicide and defoliant, still suffered ongoing health problems. But if no one among us is capable of governing himself, then who among us has the capacity to govern someone else? Chapter 2 multiple choice question Quiz - Quizizz They serve as testaments to lives lost, as repositories of grief, and to facilitate processes of mourning. This is a small group experience, with each electric cart limited to a max of 7 people. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Sculpture that has grooves of various depths cut into the surface plane of stone while the surface remains clearly perceptible, Abstract sculptures, Our bodies are actively involved in the perception of and more. The number of parties who claimed direct investmentwhether emotional, psychological, or financialin the site and its future form and use only made the issue more complex and difficult to resolve. Visitors describe their experience of the memorial as contemplative, solemn, cathartic, heart-rending even sublime. Vietnam Memorial Architect: A Scar And A Healing Boxer Muhammad Ali was one prominent American who resisted being drafted into service during the Vietnam War. . On October 21, 1967, one of the most prominent antiwar demonstrations took place as some 100,000 protesters gathered at the Lincoln Memorialaround 30,000 of them continued in a march on the Pentagon later that night. The National Review commented, The mode of listing the names makes them individual deaths, not deaths in a cause; they might as well have been traffic accidents. Similarly, the New Republic opined: It is an unfortunate choice of memorial. The committee who chose her design was hesitant and dubious. This alliance between the veterans and their conservative defenders was a new one, forged as a direct result of the cultural battle over the memorial site. Find History on Facebook (Opens in a new window), Find History on Twitter (Opens in a new window), Find History on YouTube (Opens in a new window), Find History on Instagram (Opens in a new window), Find History on TikTok (Opens in a new window), Political Consequences of Vietnam War Protests, Civil Rights and Labor History Consortium: University of Washington, https://www.history.com/topics/vietnam-war/vietnam-war-protests. She also got some help from architect/artist Paul Stevenson Oles. Daniel Abramson, Maya Lin and the 1960s: Monuments, Time Lines, and Minimalism, Critical Inquiry 22, no. Select image to open larger view. Marita Sturken presents the story of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial, exploring the deeper issues underlying the memorials controversy: How do we grieve as a nation? The names are set out chronologically on each wing, starting with the first death in 1959 at the central corner, and concluding there with the last death 1975. In November of 1982, a processional of thousands of Vietnam veterans marched to the Vietnam Veterans Memorial for its dedication in Washington, D.C. Nixons war policies divided the nation still further, however: In December 1969, the government instituted the first U.S. draft lottery since World War II, inciting a vast amount of controversy and causing many young men to flee to Canada to avoid conscription. Carhart equated artists and their defenders with individuals who engaged in acts of aggression against returned soldiers, and who were thus correlated with the entirety of the anti-war movement. Scruggs, Wheeler, and Doubek then scouted the Mall sometimes by bicycle to identify the ideal spot: a stretch of parkland known as Constitution Gardens, located on the National Mall adjacent to the Lincoln Memorial. She knew that she needed words to explain her abstractions. Dana Joy Helwick explains how, and why, she uses contemporary artists as role models in her classroom. Following its dedication, Lin's memorial quickly became the prototype for American war memorials. These eco-friendly, all-electric vehicles let you enjoy the fresh air while admiring great up-close views of DCs major locations and off-the-beaten-path areas. As Michael Clark points out in the essay, Remembering Vietnam, by the late 1960s, Hollywood and the mass media seized on this aspect of the veteran experience, creating variations of a fictionalized veteran who threatened at every moment to bring the war home with him in the form of flashbacks that turned firecrackers into artillery and passersby into the enemy.10 In Clarks analysis, these depictions of veterans served, for nonmilitary American citizens, as a way to launder the violence of the war by relegating it to some other place: Southeast Asia, and the [veterans] psychotic unconscious.11 Such representations enabled film viewers to reframe their experiences of the contemporaneous violence occurring at home, on American soil. Jan C. Scruggs, a wounded Vietnam War vet, studied what is now called post-traumatic stress disorder upon his return to the . Others questioned the intent of the Memorial. Why was the Vietnam Way Memorial so controversial? Though now celebrated for its modern, minimal design and contemplative space, the Vietnam Veterans Memorial was once the subject of heated debates. For examples the Taj Mahal, Lincoln Memorial, the Vietnam Veterans Memorial, and the Great Pyramids were created in the loving memory of great leaders and unforgotten heroes. To be updated with all the latest news, offers and special announcements. The memorial honors American veterans for their bravery and sacrifice. She tried embellishments, but they were distractions. A camp diva, a queer icon, and a model of feminismthe memorable Mae West left behind a complicated legacy, on and off the stage. The design of the memorial was chosen in a competition of 1,421 anonymous entries. By the time U.S. planes began regular bombings of North Vietnam in February 1965, some critics had begun to question the governments assertion that it was fighting a democratic war to liberate the South Vietnamese people from Communist aggression. For the competition, however, Lin needed words to accurately express her design ideas. Maya Lin, Vietnam Veterans Memorial, 198182. All of us together, in and out of government, must bear the burden.12. Nina Simones Backlash Blues (1967) took a civil rights poem by Langston Hughes and adapted it into a protest of Vietnam: Raise my taxes/Freeze my wages/Send my son to Vietnam. Marvin Gayes Whats Going On? from 1971 went on to be one of the most popular songs of all time. Although such incidents were rare, the stories were often repeated among U.S. soldiers in Vietnam. During World War I, the American Library Association built libraries on military training camps in a project that championed patriotism, literacy, and self-improvement. A Rumor of War, and other . 12. When the men returned home from war, they were not greeted with pride but with uneasiness. As soon as ground was broken for The Wall in March 1982, planning for its dedication ceremonies began. Crowd at the dedication of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial, 1982. In 2002, the group changed its name to the Vietnam Womens Memorial Foundation . These concerns were ultimately formed into the doctrine of containment and domino theory. Marita Sturken, The Aesthetics of Absence: Rebuilding Ground Zero, American Ethnologist 31, no. Many politicians expressed their support, and the U.S. Congress passed legislation reserving three acres in the northwest corner of the National Mall for a future monument. Also Read: Meditation Space, symbol of peace, UNESCO, Paris. We do not seek to make any statement about the correctness of the war, Scruggs said. The Vietnam Veterans Memorial stands as a symbol of America's honor and recognition of the men and women who served and sacrificed their lives in the Vietnam War. Solved ART HISTORY Describe the Vietnam Veteran's War - Chegg 450ATTN: PDC-P, Headquarters Air Force Personnel CenterMissing Persons Branch550 C. Street West, Suite 14Randolph AFB, TX 78150-4716. A few of the most vocal opponents, including James Webb and H. Ross Perot, had previously been strong supporters of a memorial. This was accomplished on November 2, 1963, when the CIA aided a group of ARVN officers to overthrow and kill Diem. "Causes of the Vietnam War, 19451954." Their entrance into Vietnam was only permitted by the Viet Minh after assurances had been given that the country would gain independence as part of the French Union. 2. Craven, Jackie. HISTORY.com works with a wide range of writers and editors to create accurate and informative content. 17. Why was Maya Lin upset about the Vietnam Memorial? The "Black Gash of Shame"Revisiting the Vietnam Veterans Memorial Marling and Silberman, 11. Before World War Two Vietnam . Thus, it is unsurprising that the first skirmish of the culture wars of the 1980s can be traced back to the public debate that broke out in reaction to Maya Lin 's design for the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, D.C. We expect them to do the work of history writing, to draw single comprehensible narratives out of a Gorgons nest of individual, often contradictory, experiences. 4. By endowing memorials with the ability to accomplish these tasks, we bestow them with an extraordinary amount of power and authority. According to current DoD guidelines, service members may be eligible for inscription on The Wall if they have: Examples of deaths that do not fit the Department of Defense criteria include, but are not limited to: All of the above items do fit the criteria for inclusion in VVMFs In Memory program. The Salute opened with a vigil Wednesday morning at the National Cathedral, where all of the nearly 58,000 names on The Wall were read by volunteers around the clock, day and night, through midnight Friday.

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